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KRGI

Securing Assessments & Examinations on AWS

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Case Study

KRGI, a higher education institution, required a secure, governed, and automated AWS environment for its Assessments & Examinations application. By leveraging AWS Control Tower, IAM Identity Center (SSO), MFA, SCPs, CloudTrail, and Security Hub, the institution implemented a cloud-native governance and security model that ensures compliance, transparency, and exam integrity while reducing operational overhead.
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Problem Statement & Definition

KRGI’s examination platform was initially deployed in a fragmented AWS setup without
standardized governance or centralized security. This posed several risks:

Access Management Gaps: Lack of unified IAM and MFA led to credential misuse concerns.

Audit & Compliance Challenges: No centralized logging, weak enforcement of CIS controls, and limited exam activity visibility.

Operational Inefficiency: Manual provisioning of exam environments delayed assessment readiness.

Governance Risks: No preventive guardrails or SCPs, increasing risk of data exposure and misconfigurations.

The institution required a multi-account, secure, and automated landing zone with builtin governance to safeguard student data, meet compliance benchmarks, and streamline exam operations.
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Proposed Solution & Architecture

Governance & Landing Zone Setup

  • Deployed AWS Control Tower with OUs for Development, Test, and Production
    exam environments.
  • Enforced Service Control Policies (SCPs) to block risky services, enforce
    encryption, and mandate tagging.
  • Applied mandatory Control Tower guardrails (preventive and detective) to
    maintain compliance baselines.

Identity & Access Management

  • Integrated AWS IAM Identity Center (SSO) for centralized user access (faculty,
    examiners, administrators).
  • Enforced MFA for all privileged roles and replaced long-lived IAM credentials with
    short-lived session tokens.
  • Adopted least-privilege IAM policies and automated access reviews for exam
    staff.

Monitoring & Compliance

  • Enabled AWS CloudTrail org-wide logging with log integrity validation for audit
    readiness.
  • Configured AWS Security Hub for CIS Benchmark monitoring, IAM Access
    Analyzer, and compliance scoring.
  • Activated AWS Config rules and CloudWatch alarms for continuous compliance
    and anomaly detection.

CloudOps & Automation

  • Implemented Account Factory for Terraform (AFT) to provision exam
    environments with consistent baseline controls.
  • Adopted Infrastructure as Code (Terraform/CDK) pipelines for application
    deployments.
  • Applied AWS Budgets with tagging enforcement to track and control
    departmental exam costs.

Our Approach

Outcomes of Project & Success Metrics

  • Security & Compliance :
    o Achieved >95% CIS compliance in Security Hub across all exam accounts.
    o 100% MFA adoption for all faculty and administrators.
    o Centralized CloudTrail logging eliminated audit gaps.
  • Operational Improvements : 
    o Exam environments provisioned in <3 hours (reduced from 1–2 weeks).
    o Automated deployment pipelines reduced human errors and
    misconfigurations.
  • Governance & Monitoring :
    o 100% exam accounts governed under Control Tower OUs.
    o SCPs prevented risky service usage and enforced encryption by default.
    o Compliance drift reduced by 70% with Config + Security Hub automation.
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TCO @CloudTechon

TCO Analysis Performed

1. 30% IT operations savings by eliminating manual IAM and account provisioning
tasks.

2. 25% compliance cost reduction by using AWS-native monitoring (Security Hub, Config, GuardDuty) instead of third-party tools.

3. Reduced exam infrastructure costs with Graviton-based EC2 instances and automated shutdown of idle environments.

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Lessons Learned!

MFA + SSO adoption

It was critical to reduce credential risks and secure exam access.

Preventive SCPs and Guardrails

Minimized misconfigurations before deployment.

Org-wide CloudTrail

With log integrity validation ensured accountability for exam activities.

Automation (AFT + IaC)

accelerated environment setup and improved exam readiness.

Compliance

Balancing strict compliance vs. user flexibility required careful tuning of IAM policies for faculty.

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